一种新型钻模装置设计

针对回转类零件圆周方向孔加工划线难的问题,设计一种带钻套的新型钻模装置。该装置采用分离式钻模板,可满足不同精度要求孔的加工,且装拆方便。     

N肥不同追施处理对长白落叶松播种苗生长的影响

采用裂区试验设计,研究N肥不同追施处理对长白落叶松播种苗生长的影响.结果表明:施肥次数和施肥量分别对苗高和地径生长产生显著影响;间隔期为11d的5次施肥处理对苗高生长具有显著影响,36.3 g·m-2的施肥量对地径的生长具有明显的促进作用;36.3 g·m-2处理对苗高和地径的施肥效率显著低于13.7 g·m-2处理和...     

四种国产鸢尾属植物种子萌发特性研究

采用不同的贮藏条件、种皮处理和播种基质对国产4种鸢尾属植物的种子萌发进行了初步研究.试验结果显示:4℃冷层积能明显促进长葶鸢尾(I.delavayi Mich.)、西南鸢尾(I .bulleyana Dykes)、金脉鸢尾(I.chrysographes Dykes)的种子萌发,而高原鸢尾(I.collettii Hook.f.)的种子在室温和冷层积两种贮藏条件下,萌发率能达到100%和98.33%,没有区别;去除种皮后,长葶鸢尾、金脉鸢尾的种子萌发率提高,但是种皮对高原鸢尾、西南鸢尾的种子萌发没有抑制作用,在剥皮和未剥皮的情况下萌发率基本相同;对比3种不同的播种基质,根据种子的萌发情况和幼苗的生长情况,混合土(红土:腐殖土=1:2)、腐殖土是较好的选择.     

精量播种条件下冬小麦的高产优质初探

为了研究冬小麦在小播量条件下的产量和品质表现，2001～2003年在北京安排了两个年度的秋播试验。参试品种有DS1号、临抗1号、冀麦30、鲁麦21和京411，京411是对照品种，播种量是22．5kg／hm^2。2001-2002年度，参试品种中临抗1号的最高产量达到6652．5kg／hm^2；2002-2003年度中，京411、鲁麦21、临抗1号、DS1号、冀麦30的平均产量分别达到8537．6，7403．7，7353．75，6836．25，6169．8kg／hm^2，品种的品质也较好。试验中，这些品种有正常的生育表现，较强的分蘖能力，旺盛的生理活动。在产量结构中，这些品种的单株穗数较多。     

Genetic variation of a safflower germplasm collection grown as a winter crop in southern Spain

Summary A germplasm collection containing 23 accessions of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was sown in 1993/94 as a winter crop in southern Spain to perform a comparative evaluation. Morphological, physiological and chemical characters were evaluated. Considerable diversity was found in the group. Only one Mexican accession was dwarf (40 cm tall). Most accessions were spiny but there were two spineless Iranian accessions and others with few spines. Variations were also evident for head and seed size. Seed yield per plant varied from 2.5 to 103.5 g and it was correlated with the number of heads, number of branches and plant height. Cultivars with oil content over 35% were identified. Most accessions were of the high linoleic type but there were two with high or intermediate levels of oleic acid, corresponding to the cultivars Ole and Oleic leed. Sowing in November in southern Spain has produced a long growing period (180–240 days) but earliness is common in Indian accessions. A Chinese phenotype with a prolonged rosette stage could be better adapted for cold tolerance. Red flowered spineless cultivars were present in the collection and will be preferred for ornamental or dye purposes.     

Production and use of maize seed for sowing in Bolívar,Ecuador

In the province of Bolívar in the Andean region 212 farmers, six salesmen and 14 technicians, involved in maize production, were interviewed. The majority of the farmers interviewed were small-holders; 64% of the farmers had a farm size of less than 4.5 ha. Maize is the most important crop and is often grown in association with beans. Most maize, 96%, is soft maize meant for human consumption. The cultivars grown are open pollinated ones. One cultivar, ‘Guagal’, was grown extensively. A few others, among which an improved version of Guagal were of some importance. In the production of maize the farmers consider damage due to insects, wind (lodging), diseases, drought and hail, the low prices for their surplus maize and the high costs of fertilizers, chemicals, sowing seed and labour as the most important constraints. The seed for sowing the next crop mainly came from seed kept from the last harvest. Farmers indicated that they select from the harvested ears the healthy looking larger ones. Kernel type also was a selection criterion. Selection for plant type in the field was rarely done. Of the farmers 71% stored the maize as kernels while 29% stored the seed kept on the ears. The storage was predominantly done somewhere in the house in plastic (56%) or cloth bags (14%), in a pile (13%), just on the floor (4%) or in cans (4%). Some farmers still had seed left from the last sowing and were willing to give a sample for testing. From 32 such samples the quality was assessed by INIAP, the Ecuadorean governmental research and breeding organisation. The samples were consistently of a low quality. Especially the vigour of the seedlings was poor and most of the seeds were infected or contaminated by fungi. In the region a few salesmen offer maize seed for sale of cultivar Guagal at prices affordable by the farmer. Of improved cultivars the prices were higher than most farmers are willing to pay. The technicians considered good seed quality and good maintenance of the cultivars effective methods in obtaining better yields. Many farmers do not have access to seed of INIAP and are not familiar with the improved cultivars.     

The frequency of natural cross-fertilisation in sequential sowings of winter barley

Summary Estimations of random mating frequency were computed for a series of sequential autumn sowings of populations of winter barley. The estimations were by means of the maximum likelihood scoring method and three varieties, each carrying a recessive genetic marker, provided three independent estimations for each population. High levels of out-crossing were found in sowings made early in September, and a trend towards absence of out-crossing in populations sown in late November was evident. Although fluctuations in this trend could be accounted for by fluctuations in meteorological factors, a more profound underlying effect was evident in that the three marker varieties behaved similarly, though to different degrees. It is postulated that the principle effect of sowing date, as it affects out-crossing, is upon the development of the flowering apex, and that environmental conditions at flowering time merely modify flowering behaviour.     

棉花不同种植方式和新技术应用对气候条件的要求及播栽期的确定

为促进麦棉双增双扩，本文就当前棉花生产中几种栽植方式、新技术，分析其对气候条件的要求，按当地气候资源来确定播（栽）期。     

蔬菜机械化育苗的现状与展望

机械化育苗,美因称它为塞子苗生产。近年来这项农业栽培技术在世界上有了迅速发展,当前美国移栽蔬菜中大约70％采用塞子苗。机械化育苗主要设备是精量播种生产线,与传统的土方育苗和裸根育苗相比较,其优点是:省时、省工、成苗率高、作物长势整齐、便于机械化移栽等。北京花乡育苗场是我国第一座专门提供商品塞子苗的场家,其销售量逐年增多,1990年已达500多万株。我国农民习惯栽植大苗,尽管用户认为塞子苗偏小些,但由于这种育苗方式优点很多,农民愿意接受。     

过渡型小麦品种在我国非过渡地带早播条件下的生育表现

１９８８～１９９０年，用过渡型小麦品种在黑河、呼和浩特、兰州、乌鲁木齐进行早春播，在西南冬播麦区的昆明和贵阳进行早播，生长发育均正常。与当地春型小麦品种相比，成熟期因各地生态条件不同而有差别。在营养生长、营养生长和生殖生长并进、生殖生长这三大生育阶段中，过渡型小麦品种在黑河、呼和浩特、兰州、乌鲁木齐表现长—短—长的“两长一短”现象，而在昆明和贵阳则表现“三长”现象。田间春化的温度条件较宽，在日均温０～１５℃范围内均可。开花前，对日长要求不严格。生理拔节—抽穗期间的天数与同期间的“平均光温积”之间呈极显著负相关，表现温光互作效应。在一定温度范围内，抽穗—成熟天数与此期间日均温呈极显著负相关。与春型小麦品种相比，过渡型品种的千粒重较高。通过在我国非过渡地带试验，从生长发育上，过渡型小麦品种表现了较强的生态适应性